Defining Programming Language

A programming language is used to write computer  programs including applications, utilities, and systems programs. Before the Java and C# programming languages appeared, computer programs were either compiled or interpreted.   A compiled program is written as a series of humanly understandable computer instructions that can be read by a  compiler  and  linker  and translated into  machine code  so that a computer can understand and run it. Fortran, Pascal, Assembly Language, C, and C programming languages are almost always compiled in this way. Other programs, such as Basic, JavaScript, and VBScript, are interpreted. The differences between compiled and interpreted languages  can be confusing. Compiling a Program The development of a compiled program follows these basic steps: Write or edit the programCompile the program into machine code files that are specific to the target machineLink the machine code files into a runnable program (known as an EXE file)Debug or run the program Interpreting a Program Interpreting a program is a much faster process thats helpful for novice programmers when editing and testing their code. These programs run slower than compiled programs. The steps to interpret a program are: Write or edit the programDebug or run the program using an interpreter program Java and C# Both Java and C# are semi-compiled.  Compiling Java generates bytecode that is later interpreted by a Java virtual machine. As a result, the code is compiled in a two-stage process.   C# is compiled into Common Intermediate Language, which is then run by the Common Language Runtime part of the .NET framework, an environment that supports just-in-time compilation. The speed of C# and Java is almost as fast as  a true compiled language. As far as speed goes, C, C, and C# all are sufficiently speedy for games and operating systems. Programs on a Computer From the moment you turn on your computer, it is running programs, carrying out instructions, testing  RAM and accessing the operating system on its drive. Each and every operation that your computer performs has instructions that someone had to write in a programming language. For example, the Windows 10 operating system has roughly 50 million lines of code. These had to be created, compiled and tested; a long and complex task. Programming Languages Now In Use Top programming languages for PCs are Java and C with C# close behind and C holding its own. Apple products use Objective-C and Swift programming languages. There are hundreds of small programming languages out there, but other popular programming languages include: PythonPHPPerlRubyGoRustScala There have been many attempts to automate the process of writing and testing programming languages by having computers write computer programs, but the complexity is such that, for now, humans still write and test computer programs. The Future for Programming Languages Computer programmers tend to use programming languages they know. As a result, the old tried-and-true languages have hung around for a long time. With the popularity of mobile devices, developers may be more open to learning new programming languages. Apple developed Swift to eventually replace Objective-C, and Google developed Go to be more efficient than C. Adoption of these new programs has been slow, but steady.

Argumentative Essay Addiction - 1629 Words

Why is it that when a person is diagnosed, for example, with diabetes, they are provided with Social Security Disability Benefits and a number of free welfare benefits, but the majority of people diagnosed with addiction receives little to no treatment. According to the article Treating Addiction as a Chronic Disease, †Health officials estimate 22 million people in the U.S. abuse alcohol or drugs or both and only around 10 percent of them are in treatment.† Deciding whether addiction is deserving of jail time or necessary treatment is a huge controversy in our world today. Will naming addiction as a disease end the stigma of addicts and provide a better environment for them to seek help? Addiction has been apart of our society†¦show more content†¦The definition of disease and the effects of addiction correlate immensely in that addiction meets all the requirement of the disease. Addiction is the number one cause of death in eighteen to twenty-four-year-olds, addiction has a set of known signs and symptoms, and addiction can also be diagnosed with objective evidence via brain scan (The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction: The Basics). Similar to diabetes, cancer, and heart disease, addiction is caused by a combination of behavioral, environmental, and biological factors. Clearly, there is an increased risk for severe drug-related problems for children of addicts, even if they were raised without any knowledge of their biological parents ´ problems. The article â€Å"Choosing to stop your addiction† expresses the role of genes when considering addiction. Genes are the instructions for our bodies structure and function. Each human is different in how we react to certain medications, how each brain copes with stress, and the amount of a given chemical that is present in our brain. People who show a certain biological differences in their genes, have a more or less vulnerable to addiction. But it is not just one gene, addiction vulnerability is a very complex trait that is unique in every case. (Washington post.2014). Like cancer, a parent passes on the gene mistake to their offspring, therefore they are born with a genetic predisposition to addiction. Also, if drugs or alcohol isShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction Argumentative Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesYates 7-22-2012 Argumentative Essay: Addiction is a choice Alcohol and illicit drug consumption are all too prevalent today in high schools, colleges, and all across the globe. Students seeking to fit in or forget about the repetitiveness of school and homework have a tendency to experiment. Drug addiction is known by the scientific community to be a psychological condition based on excessive, obsessive, and compulsive actions. 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Overview of the Japanese Business Etiquettes-Samples for Students

Question: You are to prepare a formal analytical essay of strictly on Japanese Business Etiquette and steps that Emily can use to make a favourable first impression when she visits Japan to meet with Mr. Hamasaki. Answer: Introduction The essay is based on the business internationalization of The aromatic condiment shop, a small business owned by an Australian lady named Emily. The business model of The aromatic condiment shop is based on the experimentation on various food items in order to create and sell new and exotic condiments. Some of the popular products of the organization are sauces, chutneys and pastes, which have a lot of chances of being popular in the Japanese markets. This in turn is the reason behind the decision of the business internationalization into the Japanese markets. This essay analyzes the difference in the business culture of Australia and Japan along with the Japanese business etiquettes to ensure the meeting to be successful. Overview of the Japanese business etiquettes The Japanese business etiquettes are based on a few very important factors like honesty, honor and punctuality. The Japanese put a lot of importance on maintaining full honesty in all of their business transactions and activities. The businessmen in Japan expect all of their business partners and market intermediaries to be absolutely honest in all of their activities. The Japanese businessmen also ensure the presence of honesty in all of their activities. Honor gets converted into business ethics in case of the business transactions and activities. This in turn allows the Japanese businessmen to have strong compliance to the core ethical values. All of these core ethical values of the Japanese businessmen allow business ethics to be a very strong component of their daily activities. After honesty and honor, the Japanese businessmen put a lot of importance on punctuality. The Japanese believe in rules and following those rules in their daily activities (Tanaka, 2015). So, being in time and completing their activities on time has paramount importance to the Japanese businessmen. Another aspect of the Japanese business etiquettes is the importance provided to the relationship among the individuals. This in turn allows the Japanese businessmen to consider the mutual understanding, respect and relationship with their fellow colleagues to have utmost importance in their daily activities. The Japanese ensure that they show respect to their colleagues in all of their interactions and try to establish a close relationship with their colleagues. This in turn allows the Japanese to have a strong value towards human emotions and lives. Apart from these factors, humbleness is another major component of the Japanese business etiquettes. The Japanese believe in being humble and down to earth in their daily activities and interactions. The Japanese dont believe in being brash or arrogant in their business interactions and meetings. The Japanese business etiquettes also include a practice of providing more importance to the senior employees. The age of the businessman or employee is directly proportional to the value given to him or her in the business model. So the senior members in an organization are given a lot of importance in the organizational hierarchy both in terms of their expertise and experience (Hirschmeier, 2013). Difference between Australian and Japanese business etiquettes There are a number of differences between the Australian and Japanese business etiquette, which should be analyzed thoroughly for making the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki a success. The biggest difference between the Australian and Japanese business etiquettes is the style of meeting and greeting. The Australian business etiquettes allow the businessmen to greet each other with a casual handshake and a smile on the face. This casual style of greeting in the Australian business etiquettes is very different from the style of greeting in Japanese business etiquettes. The Japanese business etiquettes require the businessmen to greet each other very formally, which should include a customary bow to show respect. The Australian business etiquettes allows the business dinners and lunches to have casual conversation with casual dining etiquettes. But the Japanese business etiquettes require the business meetings over lunch or dinner to be formal along with the usage of proper dining practices. The Australian business etiquettes dont require the businessmen to have a strong and close relationship for a successful business venture. But the Japanese business etiquettes put a lot of importance on the relationships with other individuals. All of these differences in the Australian and Japanese business etiquettes pose as a threat to the success of the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki (Eckard., 2014) Areas of potential cross-cultural miscommunication There a number of potential cross-cultural miscommunications possible during the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki. This section analyzes these possible cross-cultural miscommunications based on the HOFSTEDE cultural framework results for Australia and Japan. The figure 1 shows a comparison between the business etiquettes in Australia and Japan in terms of the HOFSTEDE cultural framework. Japan has a value of 54 and Australia has 36 for the factor of power distance, which defines the power distribution in the corresponding countries (Rothlin, 2016). The Japanese businessmen put a lot of importance for the hierarchy in the organization and the hierarchies are defined in terms of age and experience of the individuals. In case of Australian business etiquettes, the hierarchy isnt given a lot of importance and the individuals are put into various positions based on their capabilities and skills. This a potential factor for cultural miscommunication, as Mr. Hamasaki is 55 years old and expects his business partners to show him and his decision making process that much of respect. But Emily accustomed to Australian business etiquettes doesnt give a lot of importance to the hierarchical structure and decision making process, which could lead to a miscommunication. Source: https://geert-hofstede.com Figure 1 Comparison between Japan and Australia (HOFSTEDEs cultural framework) The factor of individualism defines how much the individuals in the corresponding societies are dependent on others. The score of 90 for Australia defines the society and business environment in Australia to be highly individualistic, which means that the Australian business etiquettes dont require the individuals to have close relationships with their business partners and colleagues. But the business etiquettes in Japan require the individuals to have close relations with their colleagues and business partners. For the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki, this could be a potential reason for cultural miscommunication as the importance of personal relationships are different for each of them as per their countrys business etiquettes (Nakano, 2017). Recommendations for making the meeting a success As per the analysis till now, there are a couple of differences between the business etiquettes and cultures in Australia and Japan. These differences in turn could lead to the failure of the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki. This section covers some recommendations for Emily to ensure that the meeting becomes successful. The first thing to note is the value of honesty and humbleness in the Japanese business etiquettes. So Emily should ensure that she is clear, transparent and honest in all of her interactions with Mr. Hamasaki without being brash or arrogant. Being humble will be the key for Emily to have a successful meeting with Mr. Hamasaki. As Mr. Hamasaki is 55 years old, he would expect a lot of respect for his seniority, experience and decision making skills according to the Japanese business etiquettes (Dunn, 2013). So Emily should ensure that shes respectful to Mr. Hamasaki during their meeting. Being punctual is something else which Japanese business etiquettes put a lot of interest in. So Emily should ensure that the meeting is done with clear and concise agenda without going out of the scheduled time along with being on time for the meeting. Emily should consider carrying ample amount of business cards to the meeting as the Japanese business etiquettes put a lot of value in maintaining business cards. Other than these, Emily should learn the Japanese way of greeting in order to ensure that she follows the business etiquettes or custom in Japan (Craig, 2015). She should refrain from taking any gifts for Mr. Hamasaki as the Japanese business etiquettes References Craig, T.J., 2015.Japan Pop: Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture. Routledge. Dunn, C.D., 2013. Speaking politely, kindly, and beautifully: Ideologies of politeness in Japanese business etiquette training. Eckard Marchiori, B., E. Carraher, C. and Stiles, K., 2014. Understanding and overcoming business etiquette differences in Japan, Turkey, and the United States of America.Journal of Technology Management in China,9(3), pp.274-288. Hirschmeier, J. and Yui, T., 2013.The development of Japanese business: 1600-1973. Routledge. Nakano, T., 2017. 1 Japanese business and management in evolution.Japanese Management in Evolution: New Directions, Breaks, and Emerging Practices, p.1. Rothlin, S. and McCann, D., 2016. The Social Environment: Business Etiquette and Cultural Sensitivity. InInternational Business Ethics(pp. 321-340). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tanaka, A. and Kleiner, B., 2015. Cross-Cultural Business Etiquette.Culture Religion Review Journal,2015(1).